Overview And Analysis Of Aviva Insurance Company Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2253 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? AVIVA is a public limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales. We are one of the worlds leading global insurance groups. We are the fifth largest insurance group in the world, based on gross written premiums for the 2008 year. We are one of the top five providers of long-term insurance and savings products in the UK, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain and one of the top ten providers of long-term insurance and savings products in France, Italy, Hungary and Romania for 2008  [1] CORE BUSINESS BRAND AND PRODUCTS AVIVA products are split into the categories as following: Pensions provide income in retirement for an individual and possibly his or her dependants. This products include personal and group pensions, stakeholder pensions and income drawdown. Annuities pays out regular amounts of benefit, either immediately and for the remainder of a persons lifetime, or deferred to commence from a future date. Immediate annuities may be purchased for an individual and his or her dependents or on a bulk purchase basis for groups of people. Protection protects the policyholder or his or her dependants against financial loss on death or ill-health. Bonds and savings accumulation products with single or regular premiums and unit-linked or guaranteed investment returns. Other, which includes equity release and structured settlements Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Overview And Analysis Of Aviva Insurance Company Finance Essay" essay for you Create order REVENUE The most revenue of AVIVA is long-term insurance and savings business This revenue accounted for over 80% of total company business. Based on report at the end of 2009,  £32.0 billion is total long-term insurance and savings new business sales and investment sales is  £3.9 billion. PROFIT IFRS operating profit (2009)  [2] Income statement data Amounts in accordance with IFRS 2009  £m 2008  £m 2007  £m 2006  £m 2005  £m Income      Gross written premiums 34,690 36,206 30,991 28,735 26,299 Premiums ceded to reinsurers (2,576 (1,841 (1,658 (1,501 (1,317 Premiums written net of reinsurance 32,114 34,365 29,333 27,234 24,982 Net change in provision for unearned premiums 559 277 (21 93 (123 Net earned premiums 32,673 34,642 29,312 27,327 24,859 Fee and commission income 1,789 1,885 1,760 1,870 1,851 Net investment income/(expense) 24,972 (16,043 9,689 15,908 23,722 Share of (loss)/profit after tax of joint ventures and associates (504 (1,128 (304 485 340 Profit on the disposal of subsidiaries and associates 153 7 49 222 153  59,083 19,363 40,506 45,812 50,925 Expenses   Â  Ãƒâ€š   Claims and benefits paid, net of recoveries from reinsurers (27,549 (29,353 (27,121 (23,444 (19,706 Change in insurance liabilities, net of reinsurance (5,682 3,885 (3,508 (2,594 (10,376 Change in investment contract provisions (11,185 10,629 (2,018 (6,002 (7,814 Change in unallocated divisible surplus (1,547 4,482 2,922 (558 (1,474 Fee and commission expense (4,396 (4,411 (4,244 (5,461 (4,330 Other expenses (5,366 (5,416 (3,473 (3,557 (3,166 Finance costs (1,336 (1,547 (1,217 (856 (609  (57,061 (21,731 (38,659 (42,472 (47,475 Profit/(loss) before tax 2,022 (2,368 1,847 3,340 3,450 Tax attributable to policyholders returns (217 1,068 (15 (346 (922 Profit/(loss) before tax attributable to shareholders profits 1,805 (1,300 1,832 2,994 2,528 Tax attributable to shareholders profits (490 415 (334 (594 (630 Profit/(loss) for the financial year 1,315 (885 1,498 2,400 1,898   Per share Per share Per share Per share Per share Profit/(loss) per share attributable to equity shareholders:      Basic 37.8 (36.8 48.9 88.0 73.5 Diluted 37.5 (36.8 48.5 87.0 72.9    Per share Per share Per share Per share Per share Dividends paid per share  24.0 33.0 33.0 30.0 27.3   Millions Millions Millions Millions Millions Number of shares in issue at 31 December 2,767 2,658 2,622 2,566 2,396 Weighted average number of shares in issue for the year 2,705 2,643 2,588 2,469 2,340 Statement of financial position data  [3] 1.4 TREND IN THE NEXT DECADE AVIVAs trend in the next decade is Age demographic trend. Age demographics can influence demand for Avivas different types of products or change pricing models. If a region or countrys demographics lean strongly towards a large proportion of older people, there may be larger demand for pre- and post-retirement insurance, which would affect Avivas sales in terms of volume and type. Age demographics can also influence the pricing models for insurance life Insurance products are more profitable and products return less in countries with low mortality rates. As a result, pricing models need to be adjusted for a country that has growing life expectancy as changing demographics affect, medical severity, and indemnity severity. This trend and any mortality assumptions based on age demographics did not significantly affect business in 2007, 2008, or 2009; however, there will be significant changes with the expansion of Avivas Asia Pacific branch into countries of different age demographic s. 1.5 SUCCESS OF AVIVA SINCE 2007 During 2007, AVIVA acquired subsidiaries in Spain, Italy and the UK in connection with bancassurance agreements with Cajamurcia, Banco Popolare and HSBC. Total consideration for these acquisitions, including costs, was  £397 million. In addition to these acquisitions AVIVA entered into joint venture agreements with local banks in Turkey, Malaysia and Taiwan. Total consideration for these joint ventures was  £208 million. AVIVA disposed of a number of businesses, the most material of which was the contribution of Turkish business, Aviva HE, to Turkish joint venture. This gave rise to a profit on disposal of  £71 million. Other disposals of smaller operations gave rise to a loss on disposal before tax of  £22 million.  [4] During 2008, AVIVA acquired subsidiaries in Ireland, Italy and Belgium. Total consideration for these acquisitions, including costs, was  £189 million. As part of AVIVA strategy to exit non-core operations, AVIVA disposed of HPI Limited and RAC Auto windscreens Limited in the UK and life operations in Luxembourg. Consideration for these disposals was  £126 million, realizing a net profit on disposal of  £7 million.  [5] On 1 October 2009, AVIVA completed the sale of our Australian life and pension business and wealth management platform to the National Australia Bank for A$902 million ( £443 million). On 3 November 2009, AVIVA completed the Initial Public Offering (IPO) of approximately 42% of Delta Lloyd N.V. raising ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬1.1 billion ( £1 billion). AVIVA also enhance the value and liquidity of retained stake in Delta Lloyd. Delta Lloyd, at the start of the year, sold its health business for  £235 million to OWM CZ Groep Zorgverkeraar UA (CZ). Continuing with the groups strategy to exit non-core operations, AVIVA disposed of the British School of Motoring Limited for a consideration of  £4 million.  [6] During 2010, Aviva reported revenues of  £9.13 billion for the first quarte r, which was higher than analysts estimates of  £8.45 billion in revenue. However, worldwide total sales for quarter 1 2010 of  £12.64 billion decreased 1% from the sales of quarter 1 2009 of  £12.78 billion. The worldwide total sales also rose 16% in quarter 1 2010 from quarter 4 2009, when Aviva generated sales of  £10.90 billion. Aviva benefited from a milder winter in Canada but it estimated the total cost of bad weather as  £50 million for the quarter. UK life insurance sales increased 14% and its investment sales increased 143% from the fourth quarter of 2009. In the US, general insurance sales decreased 48% from the sales of first quarter of 2010 due to Avivas focus on a larger profit instead of a larger sales volume.  [7] 2. CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY 2.1 Free the Children At Aviva, being a good corporate citizen is essential to long term sustainability. AVIVA provides peace of mind through meaningful insurance products as well as support for communities where employees, customers, brokers and business partners live and work. AVIVA major corporate support is directed to two organizations, United Way and Free The Children. 2.2 Preserving the Environment Managing impact on the environment is another key component of AVIVA corporate responsibility program. Through initiatives to reduce waste and energy, AVIVA has become the first carbon neutral insurer covering worldwide operations. This is done by offsetting our remaining emissions through gaining carbon credits from projects in several countries around the world. AVIVA is engaging with the global challenge to combat climate change and protect the environment. These actions today will affect future generations. Besides that, AVIVA publishs annual group environmen tal performance data against key indicators and targets covering our CO2 emissions, water and waste consumption. AVIVA uses Accounting for Sustainabilitys connected reporting framework, which integrates financial and non financial data to provide a comprehensive account of our impacts. Our carbon footprint boundaries provides clarity on the data what is excluded from our carbon footprint calculations. CRISIS MANAGEMENT As a global company, AVIVA faces a large and diverse number of risks. Each of these risks has the potential to harm financial performance or hinder the achievement of strategic objectives. If AVIVA doesnt manage risk effectively, it is might to miss potential opportunities to further develop and expand business. The type of risks that AVIVA faces are: financial, strategic and operational.  [8] Financial risks cover market and credit risk, insurance risk, liquidity and capital management. Strategic risks include issues such as customer, products and markets as well as any risks to our business model arising from changes in our market and risks arising from mergers and acquisitions. Operational risks arise from inadequately controlled internal processes or systems, human error or non-compliance as well as from external events. Operational risks include taxation, reputation and regulatory risks, such as compliance.  [9] Risk Management Framework AVIVA monitors risks on a regular basis through our Risk Management Framework. The framework includes all risk management processes, systems and tools and helps set standards for identifying, managing and reporting risks and establishing minimum standards for our control environment. This process allows to assess the overall risk exposures AVIVA.  [10] Policies and procedures AVIVA has 35 policies that deal with the management of all risks. These policies define risk appetite and set risk management. Besides that, these policies also control standards for the groups worldwide operations. With equity risk, AVIVA monitors exposures relative to risk appetite and have reduced overall exposures during 2008 by extending portfolio of equity hedges. In orde to manage credit risk, AVIVA measures exposure against centrally set limits, which take account of credit ratings issued by rating agencies. Foreign exchange risk AVIVA set up a policy to face foreign exchange risk is to borrow and derivati ve currency to keep it exposures within these limits. AVIVA hedges specific foreign exchange transaction risks when feeling its appropriate. Besides above risk, AVIVA also has to face to derivatives risk, liquidity risk and some kind of risk in Insuarnce products, such as Insurance Risk Management, Life insurance risk, Longevity risk, Mortality and morbidity risk, Persistency risk, Product design and pricing risk, Expense risk, General insurance risk, Catastrophe risk, Worsening claims ratios, Strategic risks, Operational risks, Supplier risk 4. STRATEGY Our strategy has three key elements: Increasing geographic focus Benefiting from the combination of life and general insurance Building on our core capabilities. This is reinforced by a commitment to clear financial deliverables in the near-term. 4.1 Increasing geographic focus We will focus on 12 markets where we have strength and scale. In determining our focus we will judge markets on their potential to generate both $100 million of IFRS operating profits and a 12% return on capital employed, or $1 billion of franchise value for younger businesses. Europe opportunities focus on eight markets: UK, France, Spain, Italy, Poland, Ireland, Turkey and North America. AVIVA will also focus on growing profits organically in Canada and the US. Besides that, Asia Pacific, China, Taiwan and India are one that we focus on growing franchise value. 4.2 Benefiting from the combination of life and general insurance The combination of our businesses provides capit al benefits by diversifying risks. Aviva can hold 30-40% less capital to write new GI business than the GI business would need to hold on a standalone basis. It is anticipated that this benefit will be reinforced under Solvency II. Building on our core capabilities AVIVA will be succeed by building on four core capabilities: marketing distribution expertise, financial discipline, technical excellence, and operational effectiveness AVIVA strategy gives a clear way forward, but AVIVA is also focused on delivering strong performance in the near-term, so we have set out a number of clear financial deliverables: At least  £1.5 billion operational capital in 2011; Life IRR of at least 12% with payback of 10 years or less; General insurance COR of 97% or better in 2011;  £200 million of cost savings and  £200 million of efficiency savings by the end of 2012. VISION, MISSION, GOALS VISION MISSION AVIVA wants to bring prosperity and peace of mind to our customers through vision: One Aviva, twice the value. By acting responsibly for the long term in how we do business, we will help meet our ambition to provide prosperity and peace of mind to our customers AVIVA aim is for every employee to be able to say At Aviva I am recognized for who I am, and what I contribute matters. Everything AVIVA does revolves around four core values performance, progressiveness, teamwork and integrity. These values capture the day-to-day behaviors we follow, in dealing with each other and with our customers. OUR GOALS Avivas goals is to move company to a global single brand and what it means for customers worldwide. The creation of a single global brand is a key part of delivering One Aviva, twice the value and the implications go far beyond changing the name on brochures or signs.  [11] 5.3 HOW DO WE MOTIVATE OUR EMPLOYEES? AVIVA has a clear purpose to drive a talent leadership and culture-led transformation to deliver exceptional business performance. Aviva has approached this by implementing strategies designed to: Encourage talented people to join Aviva and stay Match the right people to the right roles and take action where there are gaps Empower people to be the best they can be Build pride in Aviva 6. DESIRABILITY AS AN EMPLOYER Working for AVIVA is the dream of so many young peoples, include me. I was attracted to Aviva because of the existing scale of the global business, combined with the strategic vision and ambition to build a global market leading asset manager. Joining an organization that already had a strong platform and broad client base combined with ambitious growth targets provided an opportunity to be part of and contribute to, turning the vision into reality. Aviva provides the opportunity for my development and growth, recognizing individuals with rewarding career paths and a diverse set of opportunities underpinned with clear ldevelopment plans. Aviva is a great place to work and one where I will be recognized as an individual for what I can contribute. Aviva has changed massively from a UK centric organization to a global company. And may be, some days, I will have appotunity to work in UK or some member companies to open my world. Reference sources: https://www.aviva.com/ https://www.wikinvest.com/ https://www.avivainvestors.com/ https://sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/

Application of Nursing Theory - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1123 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Introduction Nursing theories are important when it comes to nursing practice. They have been used in education, staffing, leadership, advanced practice and information. One of the main concerns in nursing is nursing care and practice whereby leadership is involved. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Application of Nursing Theory" essay for you Create order The nurses are required to establish a relationship with the patients in order to help them in the recovery process. One theory addressing this topic is the Hildegard Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory. Peplau defines that the relationship developed between the patient and the nurse as key to aid recovery process. The theory addresses the relationship from orientation, identification, exploitation and resolution. The nurses are seen as the leaders in the whole process and it’s their responsibility to ensure a favorable interpersonal relationship is developed. Failure to develop the relationship may affect the entire recovery process. Once the relationship has been developed, the nurse is free to engage the patient and the patient is also free to engage the nurse on issues affecting him. The patient feels free with the nurse and in turn nursing care is enhanced. The paper will address the issue of nursing care and how the theory can be applied to deal with it. Nursing care Nursing care has been a major concern when it comes to nursing practice. In the nursing profession, the aim is ensure that the patients are provided with the necessary care to aid their recovery process. Nursing care can be hospital based or home based. The nurses are required to take care of the patients and provide a regular check up. In case of an emergency, the nurse is the one to respond to it. Nursing care is important to patient recovery and it ensures that the patient is on the right track towards recovery. Failure to provide adequate care to the patient can have a negative impact. The issue has been addressed internationally as one of the major concerns in the health sector. Without proper nursing care, the entire healthcare system can be a failure. Nursing care provides a favorable environment for the patient to recover. It also helps the patients psychologically and emotionally. Psychological harm can hinder the recovery process and thus the nurses are required to help the patients overcome such issues. Nursing care is important to the nurses as it defines their role in the healthcare system. The issue has been listed as one of the major issues affecting healthcare delivery process. However, the main stakeholders affected by the issue are the patients and the nurses. It entirely involves the relationship between the patients and the nurses. Nurses are the leaders tasked to manage the entire relationship and ensure that it’s effective in aiding patient recovery. Failure of the nurses to address the issue may lead to failure of the entire healthcare delivery process. Application of Peplau’s interpersonal theory in nursing care This theory has four phases in which relations between a nurse and patient are involved. The first phase is referred to as orientation. It is characterized by the meeting of a patient and nurse as strangers during the time in which the patient is seeking for assistance. The nurse plays the role of helping the patient understand his/her problem and then determine the reason the patient is in need of help. The second phase is referred to as identification. In this stage, the patient takes part in the process of setting goals. He/she acquires a feeling of belonging which helps him/her to selectively respond to the ones in a position to address his/her demands. The second phase then transits to exploitation phase. In this stage, the patient makes attempts to gain full value from the benefits he/she gained from the relationship. The nurse then lays down new goals which will be achieved by a way of personal effort. At this stage, power is shifted to the patient as he/she works on a mechani sm of achieving the newly set goals. The last stage of the relationship between a nurse and a patient is referred to as resolution. This only happens in the case where the first three phases have been completed in a successful manner. It is characterized by a patient putting aside old goals gradually and then adopts new ones. It is at this phase where the patient frees himself/herself from the nurse and hence the relationship comes to completion. All through the process, the nurse works together with the patient in administering the following roles: The role of counseling- in the process of administering care, a nurse attains the role of a counselor by working to find a solution to the patient’s problems. Leadership role- as a care giver, a nurse plays the role of a leader by working with the patient in a democrat way. iii. [bookmark: _GoBack]Stranger- the nurse is viewed as a stranger in the way he accepts the patients objectively. Teaching role- as a teacher, the nurse offers new information to the patient and hence helps him/her in the process of learning. The phase of orientation is initiated during the time when a patient has a feeling that he/she is in need of care. It is from this point that assistance from a profession is sought. The main focus by the nurse is to gather more information about the patient. The patient’s mental status is one of the key areas in which the nurse is interested in. In the process of coming up with a plan, the educative requirements of the patient are put into consideration first. The power making the process a success lies in the hands of the patient and hence a good relationship between the nurse and a patient is very important. In the phase of working, a lot of attention is given to the efforts of the patient to attain and then employ knowledge on personal strengths, available resources, and the illness. In the process of administering nursing care, the relationship between a nurse and the patient is flexible in a way that the two can work in a interdependently, dependently or independently dep ending on patient’s level of anxiety, needs, self-awareness, and developmental capacity. Conclusion Nursing theories are important when it comes to nursing practice and delivery of effective healthcare. These theories have been developed to address issues arising in the nursing department. One of the issues of concern is the nursing care which involves the patient and the nurse. Concerning the issue, Hildegard Peplau developed the Interpersonal Theory which addressed the relationship between the patient and the nurse. The nurses are required to provide nursing care to the patients as well as ensuring there is a favorable relationship between the patient and the nurse.

Why Is This Unknown Spot My Walden - 956 Words

~My Walden: Cuddebackville Campground~ Cuddebackville. Why is this unknown spot my Walden? The complete serenity and relaxation that this small and cozy campground offers brings me to a place of complete peace year after year. Between the beautiful sound of the river and the crackling sound of a fire, the fresh air and the clear blue sky, and the colorful fall leaves and the beautiful mountain view, God s creation causes me to be fully in awe every week I spend there. Time after time, the bike trails, the opportunity to indulge in some of my favorite hobbies, and the simple family-oriented way of life bring me so much happiness. Cuddebackville is my personal Walden. As my personal Walden, Cuddebackville brings me away from the chaos of everyday life and into complete relaxation, which I love. With no cars zooming down the street, no mobs of noisy people in school hallways, no modern technology, no busy schedules and no stress of staying up into the early hours of the morning to study for all my tests, I feel total peace. It is important to take a peaceful break from the stress of everyday life in order to rejuvenate yourself. Once you’ve been refreshed, you can think more clearly and have more energy and motivation to do so. Every time I go to Cuddebackville with no internet distractions or arduous work, I have the pleasure of just being in my own thoughts and doing my own thinking, which is my way of being recharged. Surrounding myself around a picturesqueShow MoreRelatedModel Thesis31971 Words   |  128 PagesWalden University COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by William Yaw Adufutse has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. James Schiro, Committee Chairperson, Applied Management and Decision Sciences Faculty Dr. Thea Singer, Committee Member, Applied Management and Decision Sciences Faculty Dr. Lilburn Hoehn, Committee MemberRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authors’ wives – Gillian and Rosie – and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University

Hamlet, By William Shakespeare - 886 Words

Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello: William Shakespeare’s most well-known plays are also his most recognizably Christian; set in predominantly Christian Europe, these plays are often peppered with biblical allegories and allusions, making myriad references to angels, demons, God, and everything else in-between. King Lear, set in pagan, pre-Christian England, does at first appear to deviate from the rest of its pack – until one notices that its characters are found addressing, or referring to, their gods as often as the casts of the aforementioned Hamlet, Macbeth, and Othello. Considering Albany, Cordelia, and Edgar’s piety against Edmund, Goneril, and Regan’s insolence and Gloucester and Lear’s inconsistency, it could even be argued that a King Lear character’s nature can, in fact, be determined – or measured – just by his or her relationship with the gods: an unambiguously Christian concept. It is important to note here that England, at the time of Shakespeare’s writing King Lear, had just witnessed a bevy of religious upheavals, its citizens forced to vacillate between the governances of the Catholic Church and the Protestant Church of England with the ascencion of each new Tudor monarch after Henry VII. It could be argued, therefore, that the England ruled by King Lear ought to be read as a fictionalized facsimile of Shakespeare’s own troubled nation. Repudiating the significance of King Lear’s being set in pagan England is easy enough to do – but it is also naà ¯ve. The vastShow MoreRelatedHamlet, By William Shakespeare880 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is praised as the pioneering English poet and playwright whose collection of theatrical works is regarded as the greatest artistic value throughout the history of English literature. 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A result from this isolation leads Hamlet to become melancholy. Hamlet struggles with suicidal thoughts, wants to kill King Claudius, and is distraught over his mother’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare846 Words   |  4 Pagesalways been a contemplative topic. In Hamlet, the main character Hamlet thinks to himself about suicide. Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet between 1599 and 1602. William Shakespeare is one of the greatest playwrights in history. Hamlet is about Prince Hamlet of Denmark who is trying to find out about the death of his father after his father s ‘ghost’ comes to him telling him it was his uncle who had killed him. While Hamlet contemplates suicide he gives his famous

Management of Patient with Chest Pain

Question: Discuss about the Management of Patient with Chest Pain. Answer: Introduction: When a patient complaining of chest pain is brought into the healthcare system, the very first task that the health care professional present at the emergency room at that particular time requires to perfume is to conduct an evaluation of the patients condition. Initially the evaluation of the patient should be conducted by observation and by the inspection of his or her vital statistics (Parsonage, Cullen Younger, 2013). In case the patient is found to be stable, the triage process (as indicated in the ACEM guidelines) should be conducted, so as to estimate the severity of his or healthcare condition. The 12 LEAD electro cardiogram process (also known as ECG or EKG) should be performed next, besides making oxygen saturation available to the patient. In case the patient still complains of a persisting chest pain, he or she should be treated with Aspirin ( 300 mg 325 mg, depending on the age, gender and weight of the patient). Along with these, the blood pressure of the patient woul d be monitored, besides conducting blood tests like that of Full Blood Count (FBP), Urea and electrolytes (for measuring the kidney function of the patient), blood sugar level tests (BSL), along with the measurement of the troponin level for estimating the damage that has occurred to the heart. More often than not, a chest radiograph accompanies these tests (Than et al. 2014). In case it is found that the patient is not in a stable condition, the triage procedure should not be conducted: instead the patient should be immediately provided with oxygen saturation, following which the 12 LEAD EKG procedure would be conducted (Kong et al. 2012). The observation of the patients blood pressure should be conducted simultaneously with conducting the blood tests mentioned in the section above. However, as soon as the results of the EKG arrive, the same should be checked for determining any anomaly present in the ST elevation ( as anomalies in the ST elevation reflect infarction or myocardial ischaemia). The health practitioner should also check for the presence of any Left bundle branch block or LBBB, if present, in the EKG report (Haaf et al. 2013). The STEMI protocol should be referred to for finding the further interpretations of the same. In the next step, the clinical history of the patient should be documented, so as to collect information about all other ailments or physical conditions that the patient has (Backus et al. 2013). It is worth mentioning that the selection of the drugs to be prescribed to the patient varies largely with the other ailments and allergies that the patient suffers from, thus making the documentation of the clinical history of the patient one of the key processes of the entire process of treatment. The results of the troponin test conducted in the very first stage of the treatment process should have reached the health practitioner by this time. Bedside this, efforts are also directed towards the identification of the ACS risk features of the patient, along with the calculation off the EDAC scores of the same (Six et al. 2013) It is worth mentioning that the 12 LEAD electro cardiogram process is repeated in every 20 minutes and the reports are noted (with special emphasis on any changes in comparison with the test results observed previously) in case the patient complains of persisting chest pain (Than et al. 2014). Once the results of the troponin test and the ACS risks factors are available, decisions regarding the next phase of treatment are taken based on the following logic: Initial level of troponin is negative, ACS risks is low: The effective dosage of the medicine to be provided to the patient to be made after the results of the 2nd round of EKG and tropinin test arrive (Parsonage, Cullen Younger, 2013). Initial level of troponin is negative, ACS risks is not low: Cardiological review of the patient has to be conducted (Kong et al. 2012). Slightly raised level of troponin, undifferentiated level of risk group: The health practitioner should go ahead with further treatment of the patient (Haaf et al. 2013). Raised level of troponin, High risk group: The patient should be admitted in the medical assessment unit on an emergency basis (Kong et al. 2012). References Backus, B. E., Six, A. J., Kelder, J. C., Bosschaert, M. A. R., Mast, E. G., Mosterd, A., ... Monnink, S. H. J. (2013). A prospective validation of the HEART score for chest pain patients at the emergency department.International journal of cardiology,168(3), 2153-2158. Haaf, P., Reichlin, T., Twerenbold, R., Hoeller, R., Gimenez, M. R., Zellweger, C., ... Freese, M. (2013). Risk stratification in patients with acute chest pain using three high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays.European heart journal, eht218. Kong, G., Xu, D. L., Body, R., Yang, J. B., Mackway-Jones, K., Carley, S. (2012). A belief rule-based decision support system for clinical risk assessment of cardiac chest pain.European Journal of Operational Research,219(3), 564-573. Parsonage, W. A., Cullen, L., Younger, J. F. (2013). The approach to patients with possible cardiac chest pain.Med J Aust,199(1), 30-4. Six, A. J., Cullen, L., Backus, B. E., Greenslade, J., Parsonage, W., Aldous, S., ... Than, M. (2013). The HEART score for the assessment of patients with chest pain in the emergency department: a multinational validation study.Critical pathways in cardiology,12(3), 121-126. Than, M., Aldous, S., Lord, S. J., Goodacre, S., Frampton, C. M., Troughton, R., ... Jardine, D. L. (2014). A 2-hour diagnostic protocol for possible cardiac chest pain in the emergency department: a randomized clinical trial

The advantages and disadvantages of television free essay sample

Nowadays many people all over the world spent most of their free time watching television; but since its appearance, television has brought to man many advantages as well as disadvantages. Television plays an important role in our daily activities: it keeps us informed about all the current affairs In the world. Television helps us In broadening our knowledge in many ways. Through language teaching programs, we can learn the language we Ilke such as: English, French, German, Chinese, Japanese and so on. We can become kilful and clever at doing Jobs, making cakes or arranging flowers through practical courses taught through dfferent programs on television. Television Is a source of recreation. funny films bring us minutes of relaxation after a hard days work.. Apart from its advantages, however, television also brings lots of disadvantages to viewers. First, television viewers gradually become passive in their action. Television may be a splendid media of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other or with the outer world and discourages people from traveling. We will write a custom essay sample on The advantages and disadvantages of television or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The world seen through television is only the restricted one: It separates us from the real world. Television, with its fascinating power, makes people of all addicted to it. students are so absorbed In television that they neglect their school acuvltles as a result of which their grades degrade. Homework is left undone and lessons unprepared. Housewives are so keen on watching television that they neglect their duties toward their husbands and their children. Instead of watching television, we may use the time for a real family hour. Without the distraction of television, we may sit around together after dinner and actually talk to one another to know and like each other better. Finally, the evil Influence of television on the young generation Is inevitable; It encourages them to commit crimes. Spectacles of sadism and violence on television lead them to robbery, theft, rape and murder. In a nutshell, television is useful to us when we know how to use it: Be careful not to overindulge ourselves in it and use it In a discerning manner.